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BookLafontaine F, Kosova R, 2027,
Advanced Introduction to Franchising
, Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, forthcoming -
Journal articleWignadasan W, Fontalis A, Alsheddi A, et al., 2026, , Journal of Robotic Surgery, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1863-2483
Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (RO TKA) has been developed to improve surgical precision and reproducibility compared with conventional techniques. However, the economic implications of adopting robotic technology remain uncertain, particularly within publicly funded healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate the in-hospital costs and health-related quality of life outcomes associated with RO TKA compared with conventional TKA (CO TKA) using a cost-utility framework within a UK National Health Service (NHS) institution. A propensity-matched cohort cost-utility analysis was performed including 200 patients undergoing primary TKA for end-stage osteoarthritis at a single high-volume tertiary centre. 100 patients underwent RO TKA and 100 underwent CO TKA, matched 1:1 for age, sex and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade. Direct in-hospital costs were obtained using a micro-costing approach. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-3 L preoperatively and at one year postoperatively to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty. Mean total in-hospital costs were higher for RO TKA compared with CO TKA (£6,517 vs. £6,204), representing an incremental cost of £313 per patient. Patients undergoing RO TKA demonstrated a significantly shorter length of stay (2.3 vs. 3.1 days; p = 0.008) and lower ward (p = 0.029) and drug and pharmacy (p = 0.041) costs. One-year postoperative EQ-5D-3 L scores were higher in the RO TKA cohort (0.82 vs. 0.75; p < 0.001), resulting in a greater mean QALY gain (0.192 vs. 0.140). The incremental QALY gain of 0.052 produced an ICER of £6,019 per QALY gained, well below the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) willingness-to-pay thresho
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Journal articleBaker Y, Warnapala M, Wasan D, et al., 2026, , BMC Primary Care, Vol: 27, ISSN: 2731-4553
BackgroundVaping among youth has emerged as a significant public health concern. Primary care professionals are uniquely positioned to address this issue, but their practices, perceptions, and preparedness remain poorly understood.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to explore how primary care professionals manage e-cigarette use among youth, focusing on three key areas: perceptions, screening practices, and counselling strategies.DesignThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure rigour and transparency.Data sourcesFor studies published from January 2000 to December 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, and Scopus.Eligibility criteriaStudies focusing on youth (aged 15–24), addressing e-cigarette use within primary care settings, and published in English were included. Exclusion criteria encompassed non-human studies, dual users, and articles without full text.Data extraction and synthesisFrom an initial pool of 896 publications, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Data extraction followed a structured process, identifying themes related to perceptions, knowledge, screening, and counselling.ResultsClinicians’ perceptions of e-cigarettes seem to affect their likelihood of discussing usage with patients, while gaps in knowledge and inconsistent screening practices remain common obstacles. Screening rates for e-cigarettes were remarkably lower than those for traditional cigarette products. Counselling practices varied considerably, while strategies such as motivational interviewing and personalised counselling were described, overall practice remained inconsistent. Thus, highlighting missed opportunities for early intervention and the need for more structured and standardised clinical approaches.ConclusionPrimary care professionals play a crucial role in addressing vaping among youth, but gaps in knowledge, in
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Journal articleChen X, Hoderlein L, Lieber J, 2026,
Neural Networks in Economics: A Selective Review
, Journal of Political Economy Microeconomics -
Journal articleKosova R, Michaelides A, 2026,
Trust and investment loss: evidence from uk financial corporate failures
, Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing, Vol: ,forthcoming, ISSN: 2753-3212How does experiencing direct investment loss affect individuals’ trust in the financial system? Exploiting recent UK corporate financial failures that generated press headlines, government debates and institutional criticisms, we design and analyse a survey involving investors in these failures. We find that direct exposure to investment losses significantly reduces trust in financial markets, regulators, big audit firms, and the likelihood of future risky asset market participation. Moreover, trust loss is not fully reversible even with possible compensation. Individual characteristics are not the key drivers of trust losses/gains either. We also survey master’s students exposed to reading about these failures. Information about losses of others reduces trust but less than direct experience. Overall, our results emphasize the role of personal experience in determining trust and future investment decisions.
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Journal articleWang J, Almeida-Magana R, Dinneen E, et al., 2026, , European Urology Open Science, Vol: 92, Pages: 55-63, ISSN: 2666-1691
BackgroundRobotic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a standard first-line curative treatment for localised prostate cancer but carries risks of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. The NeuroSAFE technique provides pathological assessment to optimise nerve-sparing whilst avoiding positive surgical margins.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of NeuroSAFE-guided RARP compared with standard RARP.Design, setting and participantsA within-trial economic evaluation with a 12-month time horizon was conducted alongside NeuroSAFE-PROOF, a single-blinded, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. Participants were patients with a diagnosis of non-metastatic prostate cancer deemed suitable to undergo RARP, good erectile function without medical erectile function assistance, and no previous prostate cancer treatment. No age limits were applied.InterventionThe intervention is the NeuroSAFE-guided RARP.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisCosts were assessed from NHS and societal perspectives using patient-level data. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were measured using EQ-5D-5L. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and net monetary benefits were estimated. Uncertainty was captured via bootstrapping, missing data were addressed through multiple imputation, and Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken to assess robustness.Results and limitationsAmong 407 randomised patients (NeuroSAFE: 204; standard RARP: 203), NeuroSAFE increased mean total cost (by £827 and £1,000 from NHS and societal perspectives, respectively) and QALYs (by 0.03). ICERs were £26,195/QALY (NHS) and £31,666/QALY (societal). Cost-effectiveness probabilities were 53% and 56% (NHS) and 48% and 56% (societal) at the lower and upper UK willingness-to-pay thresholds. Limitations include substantial uncertainty around estimates, missing data, and potential recall bias from retrospectively collected data. Findings reflect short-term, within-trial estima
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Journal articleVandezande S, Green R, Slade R, 2026, , Energy Policy, Vol: 217, ISSN: 0301-4215
Highlights • A future-proof European electricity system requires focused & coherent reform of transmission policy frameworks. • Material benefits of reform include: improved congestion management; greater investment in generation and storage; greater anticipatory investment; and, investment in innovation. • A small number of large, clearly targeted incentives is considered more effective than a broad portfolio of generic, overlapping incentives. • To minimise discrimination, tariff signals should be adapted to users' capacity to understand and act on them. • Experts expressed a preference for time-of-use based incentives above, location-based incentives.
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Journal articleBonci E-A, Di Micco R, Marotti L, et al., 2026, , Breast, Vol: 89
BACKGROUND: Cross-country disparities in access to guideline-recommended early breast cancer care persist across Europe. PORTRAIT is a clinician-reported, cross-sectional access study mapping availability and state reimbursement of key services across the early breast cancer pathway. METHODS: A 49-item survey covering diagnostics, pathology and genomics, systemic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and supportive care was emailed from June to September 2024 to multidisciplinary teams at one expert breast centre in 42 European countries. Respondents provided a consensus perspective on service availability and reimbursement. Descriptive proportions with full, partial, or no access were calculated. RESULTS: Thirty-nine countries responded (93%). Core diagnostics were widely available, but gaps persisted: MRI-guided biopsy was absent in 29% of countries and vacuum-assisted biopsy was fully reimbursed in 66%. Genomic assays were unavailable in 14% and not fully reimbursed in 35%. Public funding gaps were reported for PARP inhibitors (33%) and CDK4/6 inhibitors (26%). Immediate implant-based reconstruction and biological meshes lacked reimbursement in 21% and 33%, respectively. Despite broad availability of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 38% of countries still used per-fraction reimbursement. Psycho-oncology was limited in 35%, fertility preservation in 46%, and patient-reported outcome measures absent in 43%. CONCLUSION: Basic services are nearly universal, but gaps persist in advanced imaging, molecular testing, targeted therapies, radiotherapy reimbursement, reconstructive/oncoplastic surgery, and survivorship care. PORTRAIT identifies practical targets for policy audit, reimbursement alignment, and resource stewardship. Findings reflect clinician perspectives from expert centres, potentially representing best specialist care rather than average national care, and are not population-representative estimates or direct measures of patient outcomes.
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Journal articleZhang S, Almond D, 2026,
Too little too late? Nationwide carbon trading in China
, Journal of Public Economics, ISSN: 0047-2727China launched a nationwide, rate-based carbon market in 2021. Covering the world’s top COâ‚‚ emitter, compliance depends on the intensity of carbon emissions rather than an absolute cap. We draw on the theoretical literature of rate-based systems to provide the first empirical evidence on an early adopter. Using plant-level data from satellite imagery and machine learning methods, we find that high-efficiency power plants increased electricity generation and COâ‚‚ emissions by approximately 5% relative to low-efficiency plants. Because its carbon market regulates nearly all coal plants in China, we focus on the differential responses by plant efficiency, finding no evidence of a differential reduction in emission intensity (though these estimates are imprecise). Relative to coal plants in Indonesia and the Philippines, which had no carbon market, China’s high-efficiency plants also increased emissions, while the estimate for its low-efficiencyplants is small and insignificant. This pattern of responses suggests that emissions increases of high-efficiency plants exceeded substitution away from low-efficiency plants. Underscoring the production stimulus to more efficient Chinese plants, air quality worsened downwind of highefficiency plants relative to low-efficiency plants, compromising air quality in relatively clean areas of China. To curb the level of China’s carbon emissions and thereby slow climate change, benchmarks need to be tightened within the existing system or an alternative system adoptedthat does not simultaneously incentivize electricity production.
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Journal articleAlagiyawana A, Verdun Z, Pathirana A, et al., 2026,
Community-based health promotion for non-communicable disease prevention in Sri Lanka: protocol for the Happy Village Plus cluster randomized trial
, NIHR Open Research, ISSN: 2633-4402Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) drive major mortality, morbidity, and economic loss in low- and middle-income countries. In Sri Lanka, NCDs account for over 80% of premature deaths, with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes being the leading causes.Methods: This protocol describes a cluster randomized trial of Happy Village Plus, a community-based NCD prevention program that builds on the ongoing Happy Village initiative launched in 2017. The intervention uses a multilevel package of individual, group, community, and policy-oriented strategies tailored to local needs. It applies an adaptive implementation structure that is refined through community feedback and is supported by mediation and advocacy to link communities with stakeholders. The core components include health education, behaviorally informed approaches, and skills development targeting key risk factors, diet quality, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol use. Preparatory activities included volunteer training, stakeholder engagement, and community mobilization.Discussion: The evaluation comprised two components. The quantitative trial assessed behavioral outcomes, fruit and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, overall diet quality, cigarette use, physical inactivity, cardiometabolic outcomes, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. A qualitative process evaluation examines implementation and context, including norms, perceptions, social network development, acceptability, feasibility, barriers, and facilitators. This trial will generate robust evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of an adaptive village-level health promotion model for NCD prevention in Sri Lanka, with relevance for scalable and equitable approaches in similar settings.Trial Registration: The clinical trial registration number is SLCTR/2023/005 (19-03-2023).
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