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BibTex format

@article{Yousuf:2026:1538-3881/ae876d,
author = {Yousuf, F and Li, Z and Bale, SD and Barker, DW and Burns, J and Bye, CH and Camacho, H and Cordun, CM and Dorigo, Jones J and Fahs, A and Ghosh, S and Goetz, K and Grimm, R and Herrmann, S and Hibbard, JJ and Jeong, O and Klein-Wolt, M and Koopmans, LVE and Krajewski, J and Louis, C and Maksimovi, M and McLean, R and Monsalve, RA and Nigmetov, A and OConnor, P and Parsons, A and Piat, M and Pulupa, M and Pund, R and Rapetti, D and Rotermund, KM and Saliwanchik, B and Slosar, A and Speedie, G and Stefanov, N and Sundkvist, D and Suzuki, A and Vedantham, HK and Zarka, P},
doi = {1538-3881/ae876d},
journal = {Astronomical Journal},
title = {Joint Estimation of Properties of the Lunar Subsurface and Galactic Foregrounds with LuSEE-night},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae876d},
volume = {172},
year = {2026}
}
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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment (LuSEE-Night) is a joint NASA-DOE-ESA low-frequency radio telescope that will reach the lunar far side in 2027. The unknown dielectric properties of the subsurface at the LuSEE-Night landing site impose the most significant limitation for precision instrument calibration, as reflections from the lunar subsurface can change the primary beam at the 10%–20% level. Simulations of these effects have provided insight and concern, showing that the lunar subsurface modeled as a lossy dielectric can absorb a large amount of the power of the sky signal. While this absorption may not strongly impact the signal-to-noise ratio in a sky noise-dominated regime, it could complicate the beam pattern and make the signal more difficult to model and interpret. We have simulated the far-field properties of the LuSEE-Night beam for varying dielectric profiles of the lunar subsurface. We find that varying the properties of the lunar subsurface has the most significant impact around the antenna resonance, impacting its amplitude, position, and width. Conversely, changing the properties of the foreground impacts the data across the band. We use a Bayesian inference pipeline to jointly estimate parameters of a Galactic foreground model and dielectric properties of the lunar subsurface around the LuSEE-Night landing site and find that parameters of both the galaxy and subsurface properties can be estimated jointly. While the modeling is somewhat idealized, we believe that the results are largely robust owing to the fact that spectral variations for plausible subsurface and galaxy models have very different spectral signatures.
AU  - Yousuf,F
AU  - Li,Z
AU  - Bale,SD
AU  - Barker,DW
AU  - Burns,J
AU  - Bye,CH
AU  - Camacho,H
AU  - Cordun,CM
AU  - Dorigo,Jones J
AU  - Fahs,A
AU  - Ghosh,S
AU  - Goetz,K
AU  - Grimm,R
AU  - Herrmann,S
AU  - Hibbard,JJ
AU  - Jeong,O
AU  - Klein-Wolt,M
AU  - Koopmans,LVE
AU  - Krajewski,J
AU  - Louis,C
AU  - Maksimovi,M
AU  - McLean,R
AU  - Monsalve,RA
AU  - Nigmetov,A
AU  - OConnor,P
AU  - Parsons,A
AU  - Piat,M
AU  - Pulupa,M
AU  - Pund,R
AU  - Rapetti,D
AU  - Rotermund,KM
AU  - Saliwanchik,B
AU  - Slosar,A
AU  - Speedie,G
AU  - Stefanov,N
AU  - Sundkvist,D
AU  - Suzuki,A
AU  - Vedantham,HK
AU  - Zarka,P
DO  - 1538-3881/ae876d
PY  - 2026///
SN  - 0004-6256
TI  - Joint Estimation of Properties of the Lunar Subsurface and Galactic Foregrounds with LuSEE-night
T2  - Astronomical Journal
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae876d
VL  - 172
ER  -
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