In this section
@article{Mallas:2026:10.1177/08977151261466879,
author = {Mallas, E-J and Moreira, da Silva N and Zimmerman, KA and Graham, NSN and Li, LM and David, MCB and Busche, MA and Taylor, PN and Scott, G and Sharp, DJ},
doi = {10.1177/08977151261466879},
journal = {J Neurotrauma},
title = {Brain State Entropy as a Marker of Injury Severity and Sedation Effects Following Traumatic Brain Injury.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08977151261466879},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Traumatic brain injury disrupts large-scale brain networks. Dynamic functional connectivity captures time-varying network interactions from functional MRI (fMRI) and provides insights into the brain's dynamic patterns of integration and segregation. Here, we investigate dynamic functional connectivity in subacute moderate-severe traumatic brain injury patients (10 days to 6 weeks post-injury) and explore the relationships with blood and imaging biomarkers of injury and propofol sedation. We hypothesized that traumatic brain injury patients would show less complex brain state dynamics that would be associated with greater injury severity measured by white matter integrity and blood biomarkers. Sixty-five subacute traumatic brain injury patients and 48 healthy controls underwent structural and resting-state fMRI. Patients were followed-up at 6 and 12 months post-injury. Plasma concentrations of neurofilament-light chain, microtubule-associated protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1, and serum S100 calcium-binding protein B were measured. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter integrity, was derived from diffusion-weighted imaging for a set of white matter tracts. Dynamic functional connectivity analysis was performed using a sliding-window approach. Correlations between time courses of 19 regions of interest representing the default mode network, bilateral frontaloparietal networks, and the salience network were calculated, and k-means clustering was applied to these connectivity matrices. Temporal characteristics of the resulting brain states, including fraction time, dwell time, number of transitions, and entropy of state transitions, were calculated. Four distinct brain states were identified. Brief periods of anticorrelation between key large-scale networks that support cognitive control were a dominant feature. Traumatic brain injury resulted in reduced temporal flexibility, less anticorrelated activity
AU - Mallas,E-J
AU - Moreira,da Silva N
AU - Zimmerman,KA
AU - Graham,NSN
AU - Li,LM
AU - David,MCB
AU - Busche,MA
AU - Taylor,PN
AU - Scott,G
AU - Sharp,DJ
DO - 10.1177/08977151261466879
PY - 2026///
TI - Brain State Entropy as a Marker of Injury Severity and Sedation Effects Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
T2 - J Neurotrauma
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08977151261466879
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42482521
ER -
Dr Nir Grossman
Senior Lecturer in Dementia Research and Group Leader at the UK DRI
nirg@imperial.ac.uk
+44 (0)20 7594 6805
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