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Journal articleModenese L, Gopalakrishnan A, Phillips ATM, 2013, , Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 46, Pages: 1193-1200
In the literature, lower limb musculoskeletal models validated against in vivo measured hip contact forces (HCFs) exhibit a tendency to overestimate the HCFs magnitude and predict inaccurate components of the HCF vector in the transverse plane. In order to investigate this issue, a musculoskeletal model was forced to produce HCFs identical to those measured and the resulting joint equilibrium equations were studied through both a general approach and a static optimization framework. In the former case, the existence of solutions to the equilibrium equations was investigated and the effect of varying the intersegmental moments and the muscle tetanic stress assessed: for a value of 100 N/cm2 and moments calculated from an inverse dynamics analysis on average only 62% of analyzed frames were solvable for level walking and 70% for stair climbing. In the static optimization study, the model could reproduce the experimental HCFs but the recruited muscles were unable to simultaneously equilibrate the hip intersegmental moments without the contribution of reserve moment actuators. Without constraints imposed on the HCFs, the predicted HCF vectors presented maximum angle deviations up to 22° for level walking and 33° for stair climbing during the gait stance phase. The influence of the medio-lateral HCF component on the solvability of the equilibrium equations and the muscle recruitment alteration when the model was forced to produce the experimental HCFs suggest that a more accurate geometrical representation of the gluteal muscles is mandatory to improve predictions of the HCF vector yielded by the static optimization technique.
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Journal articleNewell N, Masouros SD, Ramasamy A, et al., 2012,
Use of cadavers and anthropometric test devices (ATDs) for assessing lower limb injury outcome from under-vehicle explosions
, 2012 Ircobi Conference Proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 296-303Lower extremities are particularly susceptible to injury in an under-vehicle explosion. Operational fitness of military vehicles is assessed through anthropometric test devices (ATDs) in full-scale blast tests. The aim of this study was to compare the response between the Hybrid-III ATD, the MiL-Lx ATD and cadavers in our traumatic injury simulator, which is able to replicate the response of the vehicle floor in an under-vehicle explosion. All specimens were fitted with a combat boot and tested on our traumatic injury simulator in a seated position. The load recorded in the ATDs was above the tolerance levels recommended by NATO in all tests; no injuries were observed in any of the 3 cadaveric specimens. The Hybrid-III produced higher peak forces than the MiL-Lx. The time to peak strain in the calcaneus of the cadavers was similar to the time to peak force in the ATDs. Maximum compression of the sole of the combat boot was similar for cadavers and MiL-Lx, but significantly greater for the Hybrid-III. These results suggest that the MiL-Lx has a more biofidelic response to under-vehicle explosive events compared to the Hybrid-III. Therefore, it is recommended that mitigation strategies are assessed using the MiL-Lx surrogate and not the Hybrid-III.
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Journal articleMasouros SD, Newell N, Bonner TJ, et al., 2012,
A standing vehicle occupant is likely to sustain a more severe injury than one who has flexed knees in an under-vehicle explosion: A cadaveric study
, 2012 Ircobi Conference Proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, Pages: 289-295The lower limb of military vehicle occupants has been the most injured body part due to undervehicle explosions in recent conflicts. Understanding the injury mechanism and causality of injury severity could aid in developing better protection. Therefore, we tested 4 different occupant postures (seated, brace, standing, standing with knee locked in hyper-extension) in a simulated under-vehicle explosion (solid blast) using our traumatic injury simulator in the laboratory; we hypothesised that occupant posture would affect injury severity. No skeletal injury was observed in the specimens in seated and braced postures. Severe, impairing injuries were observed in the foot of standing and hyper-extended specimens. These results demonstrate that a vehicle occupant whose posture at the time of the attack incorporates knee flexion is more likely to be protected against severe skeletal injury to the lower leg.
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Journal articleArora H, Hooper PA, Del Linz P, et al., 2012, , International Journal of Multiphysics, Vol: 6, Pages: 199-218, ISSN: 1750-9548
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Journal articleRankin SM, 2012, , IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 145, Pages: 47-54, ISSN: 0165-2478
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- Citations: 49
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Journal articleRankin S, 2012, , THORAX, Vol: 67, Pages: 565-566, ISSN: 0040-6376
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- Citations: 17
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Journal articleEardley WGP, Bonner TJ, Gibb IE, et al., 2012, , JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS, Vol: 158, Pages: 101-105, ISSN: 0035-8665
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- Citations: 5
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Conference paperBo C, Balzer J, Hahnel M, et al., 2012, , 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, ISSN: 0094-243X
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articlePhillips ATM, 2012, , Engineering and Computational Mechanics, Vol: 165, Pages: 147-154, ISSN: 1755-0777
A preliminary iterative 3D meso-scale structural model of the femur was developed, in which bar and shell elements were used to represent trabecular and cortical bone respectively. The crosssectionalareas of the bar elements and the thickness values of the shell elements were adjustedover successive iterations of the model based on a target strain stimulus, resulting in an optimised construct. The predicted trabecular architecture, and cortical thickness distribution showed good agreement with clinical observations, based on the application of a single leg stance load caseduring gait. The benefit of using a meso-scale structural approach in comparison to micro ormacro-scale continuum approaches to predictive bone modelling was achievement of thesymbiotic goals of computational efficiency and structural description of the femur.
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Journal articleRamasamy A, Hill AM, Phillip R, et al., 2011, , JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE, Vol: 71, Pages: 1694-1698, ISSN: 0022-5282
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- Citations: 48
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Journal articleBonner TJ, Eardley WGP, Newell N, et al., 2011, , JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, Vol: 93B, Pages: 1524-1528, ISSN: 0301-620X
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- Citations: 62
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Journal articleRamasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros SD, et al., 2011, , ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION, Vol: 43, Pages: 1878-1886, ISSN: 0001-4575
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- Citations: 15
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Journal articleBo C, Balzer J, Brown KA, et al., 2011, , EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol: 55, ISSN: 1286-0042
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- Citations: 9
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Journal articleRamasamy A, Hill AM, Masouros S, et al., 2011, , JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 8, Pages: 689-698, ISSN: 1742-5689
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- Citations: 65
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Journal articleBanks P, Franks NP, Dickinson R, 2010, , ANESTHESIOLOGY, Vol: 112, Pages: 614-622, ISSN: 0003-3022
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- Citations: 78
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